Common European Framework of Reference for Languages EU-CEFR English

I can understand extended speech even when it is not clearly structured and when relationships are only implied and not signalled explicitly. I can understand television programmes and films without too much effort.

I can understand long and complex factual and literary texts, appreciating distinctions of style. I can understand specialised articles and longer technical instructions, even when they do not relate to my field.

I can express myself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. I can use language flexibly and effectively for social and professional purposes. I can formulate ideas and opinions with precision and relate my contribution skilfully to those of other speakers. I can present clear, detailed descriptions of complex subjects integrating sub-themes, developing particular points and rounding off with an appropriate conclusion.

I can express myself in clear, well-structured text, expressing points of view at some length. I can write about complex subjects in a letter, an essay or a report, underlining what I consider to be the salient issues. I can select style appropriate to the reader I have in mind.

I can use grammatical structures including advanced tenses and aspects, inversion for emphasis, subjunctive mood, complex conditional structures, advanced passive constructions, participle clauses, and cleft sentences with high degree of accuracy and naturalness.

I can understand and use vocabulary including subtle shades of meaning, register variation for different contexts, advanced collocations and fixed expressions, idiomatic and figurative language with precision, academic and professional terminology, and nuanced connectors and discourse markers.